Some Irregular Noun Declensions

Declension of Numerals

Like duó are declined oştó and ambó, "both". Like sefta are declined neva and deca; for the most part, they follow the declension of singular n-stem nouns. The number trí is declined like the plural of an i-stem. Other numerals are declined as you would expect from their endings. Remember that whether a numeral uses singular or plural case forms (unless it is singular oyno, "one") it is always regarded as plural.

Irregular Verb Conjugations

Conjugation of Esmi

Remember that in some of its forms, the initial e- can be dropped if the preceding word ends in a vowel. (When this happens, the future indicative becomes identical to the present subjunctive.) Similarly, unlike other verbs which take the separate particle ne to indicate negation, esmi simply prefixes n- in those forms that drop initial e-. Thus the negative forms are nesmi, nessi, etc. (but ne uosa, etc.)

Conjugation of Veum

Conjugation of

...and here is ími, "go," another common irregular verb, which also is active-only.

Conjugation of Pínem (Pibya, Póto)

Below are the active-voice forms of the verb pínem, "to drink". Unlike the preceding verbs, it does actually have passive forms, but they are all formed regularly ? either from the participial stem in the perfective tenses, or by replacing the active endings of the corresponding forms with the passive endings for in the other passive forms (e.g., pínem — pínomor, póyoym — póyoymor).